Nanomaterials are primarily categorized based on the dimensional characteristics they display. These dimensions are classified as zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and ...

Most commonly, 0D nanomaterials are nanoparticles. In one-dimensional nanomaterials (1D), one dimension is outside the nanoscale. This class includes nanotubes, nanorods, and nanowires. In ...