Islam did not reject these practices outright ... A romanticized engraving of the 11th-century scholar Avicenna, who provided a strong theoretical framework for medicine. Photograph by Bridgeman ...

Islam sat side by side with African traditional religions. The King of the ancient Empire of Ghana of the 11th century was essentially a traditionalist, but that did not stop him employing Muslim ...

Comparing the medieval Crusades with modern American wars is not mere theorizing; it is a historical analysis of strategies ...

Islam sat side by side with African traditional religions. The King of the ancient Empire of Ghana of the 11th century was essentially a traditionalist, but that did not stop him employing Muslim ...