Not only are these proteins assembled with different amino acid sequences ... cytoplasm have hydrophilic (water-loving) chemical groups on their surfaces, whereas their hydrophobic (water-averse ...

There are 20 amino acids that make up proteins and all have the same basic structure, differing only in the R-group or side chain they have. Amino acids are in an equilibrium between two acids with ...

Proteins can further fold and assemble into complex structures, such as α-helices and β-sheets, which are stabilized by various interactions, including hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges, and ...

In a properly folded protein, hydrophobic amino acid residues are together, shielding each other from water molecules; hydrophilic residues are exposed on the surface of the protein, interacting ...