In contrast, when MnSOD transgenic mice are made diabetic, there is no activation of any of the four pathways. In endothelial cells, PKC also activates nuclear factor κB (NFκB), a transcription ...

These intracellular signaling pathways, also called signal transduction ... Protein kinases such as PKA and PKC catalyze the transfer of phosphate groups from ATP molecules to protein molecules.

but indirectly damage cells by activating a variety of stress-sensitive intracellular signaling pathways such as NF- B, p38 MAPK, JNK/SAPK, hexosamine, PKC, AGE/RAGE, sorbitol, and others.