EDN - Voice of the Engineer
4 days ago · Negative time-constant and PWM program a versatile ADC front end. A analog front-end that combines the functions of the INA, DPG, and S&H in a single topology controlled by the timing from a PWM logic signal. Stephen Woodward November 6, 2024 0. Design Design Ideas.
Setup and Hold Time Basics - EDN
Apr 19, 2012 · Hold time is defined as the minimum amount of time after the clock’s active edge during which data must be stable. Violation in this case may cause incorrect data to be latched, which is known as a hold violation. Note that setup and hold time is measured with respect to the active clock edge only.
PAM4 Basics: Modulation, Signaling and Encoding - EDN
Jan 14, 2016 · The result is four signal levels instead of two, with each signal level corresponding to a two-bit symbol. The PAM4 signal looks like trace M+L/2 in Figure 1. At the lowest level is 00, followed by 01, 10, and 11, respectively. PAM4 indicates pulse-amplitude modulation, with the “4” indicating four levels of pulse modulation.
USB Type-C PD 3.0 Specification, Charging and Design - EDN
Jun 25, 2021 · The first one—Power Delivery 2.0—supports fixed output voltages including 5, 9, 12, 15, or 20V at specific operating currents, for example 3 A. The second specification—PD 3.0—includes programmable power supply (PPS), a feature that allows the USB Type-C charger’s output voltage to be adjusted in increments as small as 20 mV over ...
Setup and Hold Time Equations and Formulas - EDN
Aug 10, 2012 · Hence to fulfill the setup time requirement, the formula should be like the following. T c2q + T comb + T setup ≤ T clk + T skew (1) Let’s have a look at the timing diagram below to have a better understanding of the setup and hold time. Figure 2 Setup and hold timing diagram. Now, to avoid the hold violation at the launching flop, the data ...
Automotive HVAC & Cabin Climate Control System Basics - EDN
Dec 21, 2012 · Introduction. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) is the technology for indoor and automotive ambient comfort. HVAC facilitates in managing the pleasant climate inside the cabin by controlling the degree of hotness/coolness. There were times when having an air conditioner in a car was considered one of the big features, but today ...
Fundamentals of I3C interface communication - EDN
Dec 5, 2022 · The most noticeable change between I 2 C and I3C is clock speed. I 2 C is usually 100 kHz, 400 kHz or 1 MHz, whereas I3C can reach speeds up to 12.5 MHz. One of the main factors for this increase is the use of push-pull outputs in I3C. I3C switches between open-drain and push-pull drivers depending on the bus state.
Eye Diagram Basics: Reading, Analyzing and Applying
Dec 16, 2011 · An eye diagram is a common indicator of the quality of signals in high-speed digital transmissions. An oscilloscope generates an eye diagram by overlaying sweeps of different segments of a long data stream driven by a master clock. The triggering edge may be positive or negative, but the displayed pulse that appears after a delay period may go ...
The wireless design evolution of keyless entry systems in vehicles
Jan 31, 2022 · Passive entry system (PES) A passive entry system (PES) enhances the remote keyless entry (RKE) system and a feature of keyless enter-n-go. This feature lets you to lock and unlock the vehicle’s door (s) without pushing the key fob lock or unlock buttons. With the key fob in the pocket or purse, just a mere touch of your fingers on the door ...
Flash memory 101: An introduction to NAND flash - EDN
Mar 20, 2006 · The NAND flash array is grouped into a series of 128-kbyte blocks, which are the smallest erasable entity in a NAND device. Erasing a block sets all bits to “1” (all bytes to FFh). Programming is necessary to change erased bits from a 1 to a 0. The smallest entity that can be programmed is a byte.